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Sodium tripolyphosphate(HTPP) has good complexing, dispersing, and other properties. It is used in the industry as a degumming agent, soap synergist in the production of synthetic detergents and ceramics, and prevents soap and grease from washing out and blooming. Fat has a strong emulsification effect and can be used to adjust and buffer the pH value of soap solution. It is a dispersant in the water softener, leather tanning agent, dyeing auxiliary, paint, kaolin, magnesium oxide, and calcium phosphate. Food trisodium phosphate aims to increase the taste and be used as a moisture retention agent, quality improver, thickener, etc.
Sodium tripolyphosphate can be divided into high-temperature types (Type Ⅰ) and low-temperature type (Type Ⅱ) due to different formation temperatures. The difference lies in the bond length and bond angle of the two. Both type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ products will generate six after hydration Hydrate Na₅P₃O₁₀·6H₂O.
Under the same conditions, type I hydration produces high heat quickly, and it is easy to cause agglomeration when dissolved in water. This phenomenon is due to the presence of sodium ions of four ligands in the type I structure. Water has a strong affinity, whereas Type II produces hexahydrate at a prolonged rate in water.
Sodium tripolyphosphate is relatively stable at room temperature. It will slowly undergo a hydrolysis reaction in humid air and finally form sodium orthophosphate. The response is as follows: Na₅P₃O₁₀+2H₂O→2Na₂HPO₄+NaH₂PO₄.
Sodium tripolyphosphate calcium complexing power value generally indicates that the complex can phosphate 100g grams of calcium ions, the theoretical value of 13.4.
Sodium tripolyphosphate is formed by neutralizing phosphoric acid with soda ash to sodium orthophosphate and then condensation. There are two methods for producing phosphoric acid: the wet method and the thermal method. In the wet process, phosphoric acid is obtained by reacting the phosphate rock with inorganic acid (usually sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid) and then extracting and refining it. The thermal method is to roast phosphate rock together with coke and silica in an electric furnace. The phosphate rock is reduced to phosphorus, then oxidized and hydrated to obtain phosphoric acid.
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